Breast Surgery

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, affecting approximately 11% of women during their lifetime. The chances of cure when detected in its early stages can reach 90% or higher. This emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis. It is crucial to note that most women do not have risk factors for breast cancer, so regular monitoring is essential for every woman. However, it is also important to be aware of various risk factors.

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Three main tools are used for the early diagnosis of breast cancer: mammography, which is an X-ray of the breast, manual breast examination, and breast ultrasound.

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Breast cancer can manifest and be detected in various ways. Even in developed countries, the most common form of manifestation is a palpable lump in the breast. More and more women are finding such lumps during self-examinations, leading them to seek clarification.

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When a suspicious finding is detected either during a manual examination (self-examination or routine examination by a physician) or through imaging tests (mammography/ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging), cell or tissue sampling is necessary. The sampling is usually done percutaneously (through the skin) using special needles. Nowadays, it is uncommon for the first step to be surgical tissue sampling, which allows for optimal treatment planning and avoids unnecessary surgeries.

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Until recently, breast ultrasound was considered only a "supplementary examination" to mammography or for diagnosing lumps found in manual examinations. However, in recent years, the perception has changed, and now breast ultrasound is often performed in addition to mammography. Nevertheless, in age groups where mammography is recommended, ultrasound does not serve as a substitute.

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Breast imaging through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive examination for early detection of breast cancer, with detection rates reaching up to approximately 95%. Although the examination does not involve radiation, its cost is high, and the interpretation of the results may reveal a high rate of findings classified as suspicious even when they are not cancerous.

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To avoid loss of information about the tumor's condition and its implications, it is essential to perform a biopsy of the sentinel lymph node before the initiation of chemotherapy, even if it was already done before the breast surgery.

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